Theological Tidbits

In sinning, Adam and Eve did not reject God as completely and totally as the angels did when they sinned. First of all, the powerful, angelic intellects had comprehended God and themselves much more clearly than Adam and Eve had comprehended God and themselves. Consequently, it was simply not possible for Adam and Eve to reject God as completely as the angels had. Secondly, since Adam and Eve were at first seeking to fulfill themselves—i.e., to become more like God, their sin was not a total rejection of God. At first, Adam and Eve did not recognize the devil’s lies for what they were. At this point, Adam and Eve were willing their own self-fulfillment as images of God. However, later, Adam and Eve must have perceived that the devil had lied. Nevertheless, they accepted and acted on the lies. At that point, they sinned. Still, since the initial motive of Adam and Eve was their own self-fulfillment, their sin was not a total and complete rejection of God. Thirdly, Adam and Eve at first accepted the devil’s lies as the truth. The angels would never have accepted lies as truth. Some angels did reject truth—but they recognized truth as truth and lies as lies. There is a difference between rejecting truth—what the angels did—and not recognizing truth—what Adam and Eve did at first. To reject truth, one has to recognize it for what it is. The angels recognized it and rejected it. At first, Adam and Eve did not recognize it and therefore could not reject it. Fourth, Adam and Eve had the “help” of Satan while Satan and his followers sinned on their own. Humanity was not brought to its tragic downfall by itself. Without the temptation of the serpent, Adam and Eve might never have sinned. It was only through the temptation of the devil that they opposed the Creator. In other words, God created human persons in His own image with such goodness that it took someone from the outside, an angel, to entice man to sin. For all these reasons, the sin of our first parents was not as complete and as total a rejection of God as the angelic sin was.

“The serpent said to the woman, ‘You will not die. For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil’” (Gen 3:4-5). Satan suggests that God had forbidden Adam and Eve to fulfill themselves by becoming more God-like by knowing good and evil. In other words, the devil suggests that God had forbidden what was good for Adam and Eve—i.e., their self-fulfillment as images of God. Why would God do such a thing? The obvious answer is that God did not want anyone, any creature, to be like Him, even though it is good for some of His creatures to be like Him—i.e., those made in His image and likeness. In this false view, God is a mean-spirited, jealous being, Who, as a tyrant, will strive to maintain His own unique position against anyone and anybody. Once Adam and Eve believe that God is a jealous being Who cares only about maintaining His own position, they also logically conclude that when God claimed to love and care for them (Gen 1:26-31, 2:16, 18), He was lying. Further, they begin to look for an alternate god and the devil presents them with one—i.e., himself.

“Now the serpent was more subtle than any other wild creature that the Lord God had made” (Gen 3:1). The serpent’s first lie occurred when he claimed that God had lied (Gen 3:4). It is impossible for God, as Truth itself, to lie. Adam and Eve should have recognized the devil’s claim that God had lied as an obvious falsehood and an enticement to sin. The devil also lied when he promised them that “you will be like God” (Gen 3:5). In his previous claim that God had lied, the devil was claiming to know truth because only one who knows truth can recognize a lie. In claiming to know truth, the devil was claiming to know what God knows. In other words, the devil put himself in God’s place. With the true God, their Creator, perceived as a liar, Adam and Eve believed that the devil knew an alternate god, a true one. Unfortunately, Adam and Eve believed that they could fulfill themselves as images of God by becoming like this alternate god. However, in reality, the devil was cunningly presenting himself as the alternate god. Adam and Eve should have recognized this second lie as an enticement to sin. The devil lied a third time when he promised Adam and Eve that they could know good and evil like God (Gen 3:5). However, in promising Adam and Eve that they could fulfill themselves by knowing good and evil like God, he was promising that they could be gods. Adam and Eve should have recognized this third lie as an enticement to sin. It is interesting to note that the devil’s third lie contradicts his second lie. Through the second lie, the devil put himself in God’s place. Through his third lie, he promised Adam and Eve that they could be gods. In other words, the devil, playing god, was promising Adam and Eve that they also could play god. However, the devil would never have allowed Adam and Eve to assume the same position he had taken for himself. The inner contradiction within the devil’s temptation of Adam and Eve should have been a warning to Adam and Eve that the devil was lying.

Temptations of Adam/Eve

1. God lied.

2. You will become like a god—i.e., like me.

3. You will be gods defining good and evil.

Now the serpent was more subtle than any other wild creature that the Lord God had made” (Gen 3:1). Indeed, Satan was—and is— more clever than any earthly creature God had made because he is an angel. His intelligence is clearly visible in the brilliant tempting of Eve. It was a tragic charade. The serpent seemed to be inviting Adam and Eve to become more like God. It appeared that he was inviting them to fulfill themselves as images of God. Apparently, the devil was asking them to do only what God had asked them to do when God invited them to love as He loves. It seemed that he was inviting Adam and Eve to become what God had created them to be. The devil, the cosmic “liar”, took the truth about the creation of Adam and Eve in the image of God, falsified it, and used it against them. The wonder, glory and uniqueness of Adam and Eve—and of all other human persons—are founded in their personhood—i.e., in their reflection of the divine. The devil used this spark of the divine, which is the glory of each human being, against Adam and Eve and their descendants. In a sense, he used the source of the value and dignity of every human being to tempt Adam and Eve to tarnish and almost to destroy their own human dignity. The source of human dignity became the means of humanity’s downfall. Nevertheless, Adam and Eve could have recognized the temptation for what it was because the devil lied three times. Adam and Eve should have recognized these lies as part of the serpent’s ploy to lead them to sin.

Even while telling Adam and Eve the effects of their action, God gives them hope that He would conquer the evil they had brought upon themselves. For God says to the serpent, “I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel” (Gen 3:15). In these words, God is promising a Redeemer, Who, born of a woman, will crush the serpent—i.e., Satan. God will overcome the evil that entered the world through the surrender of our first parents to Satan’s temptation. God’s infinite love and unbounding love for Adam and Eve and their descendants is quite clear from His promise to overcome the evil they had brought on themselves. Even though they had rejected God, God did not abandon them.

By returning God’s love for man through the cross, Christ filled the spiritual space between God and man with love. In Christ’s suffering, “sins are canceled out precisely because He alone as the only-begotten Son could take them upon Himself, accept them with that love for the Father which overcomes the evil of every sin; in a certain sense He annihilates this evil in the spiritual space of the relationship between God and humanity, and fills this space with good” (John Paul II). The love of God offered to us is the divine life—i.e., grace. This life overcomes original sin’s most damaging effects to the human person. Further, the grace of God allows us to live the very life of God here on earth and most gloriously in heaven. Thus, through Christ’s cross, original sin and some of its effects were overcome. Therefore, on the cross, Christ loved us mercifully by eliminating original sin and its most serious effects and by drawing us close to God—i.e., reviving the friendship between man and God. Through the God-man, the ancient model of God’s mercy, established in the Old Testament, is renewed but infinitely surpassed. Through Christ, God’s merciful love for us is extended even to original sin and its effects.

Why is it that God asked Adam and Eve not to eat the fruit of a particular tree? The tree ‘of the knowledge of good and evil’ signifies the unsurmountable limit for man and for any creature, however perfect. In taking the fruit, Adam and Eve tried to know good and evil as God knows them. In other words, they tried to define what was good for themselves instead of accepting God as the source of the moral order. In trying to know good and evil as God does, Adam and Eve claimed to become an independent and exclusive source for deciding about good and evil. The sin of our first parents was not so much the eating of the fruit of a particular tree—but the attempt to make themselves gods. In effect, they attempted to surpass the “insurmountable limit” for any creature. The first sin, therefore, was a sin of pride.

In fact, the first sin could have been nothing but a sin of pride. Before sin, Adam and Eve perfectly expressed their thoughts and choices in and through their bodies. They could not be tempted—as their descendants are—by particularly luscious fruit or other delicious foods, or by any of the bodily desires or emotions. Since their spiritual faculties properly “orchestrated” their bodily powers, any temptation to sin had to be directed at their spiritual faculties. In fact, the serpent, the devil, did attack a spiritual faculty, the mind. The devil attacked Eve’s self-concept as a creature when he suggested that she could be “like God, knowing good and evil” (Gen 3:5).